systemd.network — Network configuration
network
.network
Network setup is performed by systemd-networkd(8).
Network files must have the extension
.network
; other extensions are ignored.
Networks are applied to links whenever the links appear.
The .network
files are read from the
files located in the system network directory
/usr/lib/systemd/network
, the volatile
runtime network directory
/run/systemd/network
and the local
administration network directory
/etc/systemd/network
. All configuration files
are collectively sorted and processed in lexical order, regardless
of the directories in which they live. However, files with
identical filenames replace each other. Files in
/etc
have the highest priority, files in
/run
take precedence over files with the same
name in /usr/lib
. This can be used to
override a system-supplied configuration file with a local file if
needed. As a special case, an empty file (file size 0) or symlink
with the same name pointing to /dev/null
,
disable the configuration file entirely (it is "masked").
The network file contains a "[Match]
"
section, which determines if a given network file may be applied
to a given device; and a "[Network]
" section
specifying how the device should be configured. The first (in
lexical order) of the network files that matches a given device
is applied, all later files are ignored, even if they match as
well.
A network file is said to match a device if each of the
entries in the "[Match]
" section matches, or if
the section is empty. The following keys are accepted:
MACAddress=
¶The hardware address.
Path=
¶A whitespace-separated list of shell-style globs
matching the persistent path, as exposed by the udev
property "ID_PATH
".
Driver=
¶A whitespace-separated list of shell-style globs
matching the driver currently bound to the device, as
exposed by the udev property "DRIVER
"
of its parent device, or if that is not set the driver
as exposed by "ethtool -i
" of the
device itself.
Type=
¶A whitespace-separated list of shell-style globs
matching the device type, as exposed by the udev property
"DEVTYPE
".
Name=
¶A whitespace-separated list of shell-style globs
matching the device name, as exposed by the udev property
"INTERFACE
".
Host=
¶Matches against the hostname or machine ID of the
host. See "ConditionHost=
" in
systemd.unit(5)
for details.
Virtualization=
¶Checks whether the system is executed in a virtualized
environment and optionally test whether it is a specific
implementation. See "ConditionVirtualization=
" in
systemd.unit(5)
for details.
KernelCommandLine=
¶Checks whether a specific kernel command line option is
set (or if prefixed with the exclamation mark unset). See
"ConditionKernelCommandLine=
" in
systemd.unit(5)
for details.
Architecture=
¶Checks whether the system is running on a specific
architecture. See "ConditionArchitecture=
" in
systemd.unit(5)
for details.
The "[Network]
" section accepts the following keys:
Description=
¶A description of the device. This is only used for presentation purposes.
DHCP=
¶Enables DHCPv4 and/or DHCPv6 client support. Accepts
"yes
", "no
",
"ipv4
", or "ipv6
".
Please note that by default the domain name
specified through DHCP is not used for name resolution.
See option UseDomains=
below.
DHCPServer=
¶A boolean. Enables DHCPv4 server support. Defaults
to "no
". Further settings for the DHCP
server may be set in the "[DHCPServer]
"
section described below.
LinkLocalAddressing=
¶Enables link-local address autoconfiguration. Accepts
"yes
", "no
",
"ipv4
", or "ipv6
". Defaults to
"ipv6
".
IPv4LLRoute=
¶A boolean. When true, sets up the route needed for non-IPv4LL hosts to communicate with IPv4LL-only hosts. Defaults to false.
IPv6Token=
¶An IPv6 address with the top 64 bits unset. When set, indicates the 64 bits interface part of SLAAC IPv6 addresses for this link. By default it is autogenerated.
LLMNR=
¶A boolean or "resolve
". When true, enables
Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution on the link, when set to
"resolve
" only resolution is enabled, but not
announcement. Defaults to true.
LLDP=
¶A boolean. When true, enables LLDP link receive support.
BindCarrier=
¶A port or a list of ports. When set, controls the behavior of the current interface. When all ports in the list are in an operational down state, the current interface is brought down. When at least one port has carrier, the current interface is brought up.
Address=
¶A static IPv4 or IPv6 address and its prefix length,
separated by a "/
" character. Specify
this key more than once to configure several addresses.
The format of the address must be as described in
inet_pton(3).
This is a short-hand for an [Address] section only
containing an Address key (see below). This option may be
specified more than once.
If the specified address is 0.0.0.0 (for IPv4) or [::] (for IPv6), a new address range of the requested size is automatically allocated from a system-wide pool of unused ranges. The allocated range is checked against all current network interfaces and all known network configuration files to avoid address range conflicts. The default system-wide pool consists of 192.168.0.0/16, 172.16.0.0/12 and 10.0.0.0/8 for IPv4, and fc00::/7 for IPv6. This functionality is useful to manage a large number of dynamically created network interfaces with the same network configuration and automatic address range assignment.
Gateway=
¶The gateway address, which must be in the format described in inet_pton(3). This is a short-hand for a [Route] section only containing a Gateway key. This option may be specified more than once.
DNS=
¶A DNS server address, which must be in the format described in inet_pton(3). This option may be specified more than once.
Domains=
¶The domains used for DNS resolution over this link.
NTP=
¶An NTP server address. This option may be specified more than once.
IPForward=
¶Configures IP forwarding for the network
interface. If enabled incoming packets on the network
interface will be forwarded to other interfaces according to
the routing table. Takes either a boolean argument, or the
values "ipv4
" or "ipv6
",
which only enables IP forwarding for the specified address
family, or "kernel
", which preserves existing sysctl settings.
This controls the
net.ipv4.conf.<interface>.forwarding
and
net.ipv6.conf.<interface>.forwarding
sysctl options of the network interface (see ip-sysctl.txt
for details about sysctl options). Defaults to
"no
".
Note: unless this option is turned on, or set to "kernel
",
no IP forwarding is done on this interface, even if this is
globally turned on in the kernel, with the
net.ipv4.ip_forward
,
net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding
, and
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding
sysctl
options.
IPMasquerade=
¶Configures IP masquerading for the network
interface. If enabled packets forwarded from the network
interface will be appear as coming from the local host.
Takes a boolean argument. Implies
IPForward=ipv4
. Defaults to
"no
".
IPv6PrivacyExtensions=
¶Configures use of stateless temporary
addresses that change over time (see RFC 4941,
Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration
in IPv6). Takes a boolean or the special values
"prefer-public
" and
"kernel
". When true enables the privacy
extensions and prefers temporary addresses over public
addresses. When "prefer-public
" enables the
privacy extensions, but prefers public addresses over
temporary addresses. When false, the privacy extensions
remain disabled. When "kernel
" the kernel's
default setting will be left in place. Defaults to
"no
".
Bridge=
¶The name of the bridge to add the link to.
Bond=
¶The name of the bond to add the link to.
VLAN=
¶The name of a VLAN to create on the link. This option may be specified more than once.
MACVLAN=
¶The name of a MACVLAN to create on the link. This option may be specified more than once.
VXLAN=
¶The name of a VXLAN to create on the link. This option may be specified more than once.
Tunnel=
¶The name of a Tunnel to create on the link. This option may be specified more than once.
An "[Address]
" section accepts the
following keys. Specify several "[Address]
"
sections to configure several addresses.
Address=
¶As in the "[Network]
" section. This
key is mandatory.
Peer=
¶The peer address in a point-to-point connection.
Accepts the same format as the "Address
"
key.
Broadcast=
¶The broadcast address, which must be in the format
described in
inet_pton(3).
This key only applies to IPv4 addresses. If it is not
given, it is derived from the "Address
"
key.
Label=
¶An address label.
The "[Route]
" section accepts the
following keys. Specify several "[Route]
"
sections to configure several routes.
Gateway=
¶As in the "[Network]
" section.
Destination=
¶The destination prefix of the route. Possibly followed by a slash and the prefixlength. If omitted, a full-length host route is assumed.
Source=
¶The source prefix of the route. Possibly followed by a slash and the prefixlength. If omitted, a full-length host route is assumed.
Metric=
¶The metric of the route. An unsigned integer
Scope=
¶The scope of the route. One of the values "global
",
"link
" or "host
". Defaults to
"global
".
The "[DHCP]
" section configures the
DHCPv4 and DHCP6 client, if it is enabled with the
DHCP=
setting described above:
UseDNS=
¶When true (the default), the DNS servers received from the DHCP server will be used and take precedence over any statically configured ones.
This corresponds to the nameserver
option in resolv.conf(5).
UseNTP=
¶When true (the default), the NTP servers received from the DHCP server will be used by systemd-timesyncd and take precedence over any statically configured ones.
UseMTU=
¶When true, the interface maximum transmission unit from the DHCP server will be used on the current link. Defaults to false.
SendHostname=
¶When true (the default), the machine's hostname will be sent to the DHCP server.
UseHostname=
¶When true (the default), the hostname received from the DHCP server will be set as the transient hostname of the system
Hostname=
¶Use this value for the hostname which is sent to the DHCP server, instead of machine's hostname.
UseDomains=
¶When true (not the default), the domain name received from the DHCP server will be used for DNS resolution over this link. When a name cannot be resolved as specified, the domain name will be used a suffix and name resolution of that will be attempted.
This corresponds to the domain
option in resolv.conf(5)
and should not be enabled on untrusted networks.
UseRoutes=
¶When true (the default), the static routes will be requested from the DHCP server and added to the routing table with metric of 1024.
UseTimezone=
¶When true, the timezone received from the
DHCP server will be set as as timezone of the local
system. Defaults to "no
".
CriticalConnection=
¶When true, the connection will never be torn down even if the DHCP lease expires. This is contrary to the DHCP specification, but may be the best choice if, say, the root filesystem relies on this connection. Defaults to false.
ClientIdentifier=
¶DHCP client identifier to use. Either "mac
"
to use the MAC address of the link or "duid
"
(the default) to use a RFC4361-compliant Client ID.
VendorClassIdentifier=
¶The vendor class identifier used to identify vendor type and configuration.
RequestBroadcast=
¶Request the server to use broadcast messages before the IP address has been configured. This is necessary for devices that cannot receive RAW packets, or that cannot receive packets at all before an IP address has been configured. On the other hand, this must not be enabled on networks where broadcasts are filtered out.
RouteMetric=
¶Set the routing metric for routes specified by the DHCP server.
The "[DHCPServer]
" section contains
settings for the DHCP server, if enabled via the
DHCPServer=
option described above:
PoolOffset=
, PoolSize=
¶Configures the pool of addresses to hand out. The pool
is a contiguous sequence of IP addresses in the subnet configured for
the server address, which does not include the subnet nor the broadcast
address. PoolOffset=
takes the offset of the pool
from the start of subnet, or zero to use the default value.
PoolSize=
takes the number of IP addresses in the
pool or zero to use the default value. By default the pool starts at
the first address after the subnet address and takes up the rest of
the subnet, excluding the broadcast address. If the pool includes
the server address (the default), this is reserved and not handed
out to clients.
DefaultLeaseTimeSec=
, MaxLeaseTimeSec=
¶Control the default and maximum DHCP lease time to pass to clients. These settings take time values in seconds or another common time unit, depending on the suffix. The default lease time is used for clients that did not ask for a specific lease time. If a client asks for a lease time longer than the maximum lease time it is automatically shortened to the specified time. The default lease time defaults to 1h, the maximum lease time to 12h. Shorter lease times are beneficial if the configuration data in DHCP leases changes frequently and clients shall learn the new settings with shorter latencies. Longer lease times reduce the generated DHCP network traffic.
EmitDNS=
, DNS=
¶Configures whether the DHCP leases handed out
to clients shall contain DNS server information. The
EmitDNS=
setting takes a boolean argument
and defaults to "yes
". The DNS servers to
pass to clients may be configured with the
DNS=
option, which takes a list of IPv4
addresses. If the EmitDNS=
option is
enabled but no servers configured the servers are
automatically propagated from an "uplink" interface that has
appropriate servers set. The "uplink" interface is determined
by the default route of the system with the highest
priority. Note that this information is acquired at the time
the lease is handed out, and does not take uplink interfaces
into account that acquire DNS or NTP server information at a
later point. DNS server propagation does not take
/etc/resolv.conf
into account. Also, note
that the leases are not refreshed if uplink network
configuration changes. To ensure clients regularly acquire the
most current uplink DNS server information it is thus
advisable to shorten the DHCP lease time via
MaxLeaseTimeSec=
described
above.
EmitNTP=
, NTP=
¶Similar to the EmitDNS=
and
DNS=
settings described above these
settings configure whether and what NTP server information
shall be emitted as part of the DHCP lease. The same syntax,
propagation semantics and defaults apply as for
EmitDNS=
and
DNS=
.
EmitTimezone=
, Timezone=
¶Configures whether the DHCP leases handed out
to clients shall contain timezone information. The
EmitTimezone=
setting takes a boolean
argument and defaults to "yes
". The
Timezone=
setting takes a timezone string
(such as "Europe/Berlin
" or
"UTC
") to pass to clients. If no explicit
timezone is set the system timezone of the local host is
propagated, as determined by the
/etc/localtime
symlink.
The "[Bridge]
" section accepts the
following keys.
UnicastFlood=
¶A boolean. Controls whether the bridge should flood traffic for which an FDB entry is missing and the destination is unknown through this port. Defaults to on.
HairPin=
¶A boolean. Configures whether traffic may be sent back out of the port on which it was received. By default, this flag is false, and the bridge will not forward traffic back out of the receiving port.
UseBPDU=
¶A boolean. Configures whether STP Bridge Protocol Data Units will be processed by the bridge port. Defaults to yes.
FastLeave=
¶A boolean. This flag allows the bridge to immediately stop multicast traffic on a port that receives IGMP Leave message. It is only used with IGMP snooping if enabled on the bridge. Defaults to off.
AllowPortToBeRoot=
¶A boolean. Configures whether a given port is allowed to become a root port. Only used when STP is enabled on the bridge. Defaults to on.
Cost=
¶Sets the "cost" of sending packets of this interface. Each port in a bridge may have different speed and the cost is used to decide which link to use. Faster interfaces should have lower costs.
The "[BridgeFDB]
" section manages the
forwarding database table of a port and accepts the following
keys. Specify several "[BridgeFDB]
" sections to
configure several static MAC table entries.
Example 1. /etc/systemd/network/50-static.network
[Match] Name=enp2s0 [Network] Address=192.168.0.15/24 Gateway=192.168.0.1
Example 3. /etc/systemd/network/bridge-static.network
[Match] Name=bridge0 [Network] Address=192.168.0.15/24 Gateway=192.168.0.1 DNS=192.168.0.1
Example 4. /etc/systemd/network/bridge-slave-interface.network
[Match] Name=enp2s0 [Network] Bridge=bridge0